【Art】

  Usually refers to painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, architectural arts, such as in space, the attitude of the people's vision of an art. When Europe began to use this name in 17th century, it refers to painting, sculpture, literature and music with aesthetic significance. When I began to use this term before and after "May Fourth", it also had the same meaning as the whole art. For example, in 1913 when Lu Xun explained the word "art", he wrote: "Art is the word ... From the English. The love of the cloud, the original Greek, its friendship for art. Shortly thereafter, China's other "art", The word "Love", "Fine Arts" has become specifically the name of painting and other visual arts.

  "Modelling means"

  The technique and means of creating artistic image in plastic arts. such as painting with the help of color, light and shade, lines, anatomy and perspective, sculpture with the aid of volume and structure. These techniques and means, through long-term artistic practice, formed the unique artistic language of these plastic arts, and decided the different performance rules of these art, related to the success or failure of plastic art image, as well as the appeal of art works. The constant exploration and perfection of the regularity of the artistic expression means is the necessary condition for the art creation to show the new life content and satisfy the people's continuous development.

  "Golden section"

  Also known as gold Law, the proportion of gold. In a line segment, the segment is divided into long and short segments according to the optimum length, or the proportion of the best length and short edge of a rectangle is formed by the ratio of the line segments to the optimal lengths, that is, the Golden section.

  "Two-degree space"

  Painting terminology. Refers to the plane space consisting of two factors: length (left and right) and height. In the painting for the real reproduction of the image, often with the help of perspective, shading and other modelling means, in the two-degree space of the plane to create a depth of feeling and images of the stereo effect, that is, two degrees of space to create the natural object that three-dimensional illusion. Some paintings, such as decorative painting, pictorial painting, etc., do not require a strong depth of effect, but deliberately in the two-degree space to pursue flat meaning, to obtain artistic expression.

  "Three-degree space"

  Painting terminology. Refers to the length (left and right), height (upper and lower), depth (depth) of three factors constitute the three-dimensional space. In painting, in order to reproduce the real objects, it is necessary to show the stereoscopic and depth effect of three-degree space in the plane.

  【Texture】

  Painting, sculpture and other plastic arts through different means of expression, in the works show the characteristics of various objects, such as silk, skin, water, stone and other things, soft and hard, rough and slippery, and other different qualitative features, to give people a sense of reality and beauty.

  "Sense of Quantity"

  The use of light and shade, color, lines and other modelling factors, express the weight of the object, thickness, size, how many feelings. such as the solemn stone, wind and smoke, such as light. Objects that are real in painting require that they convey the specific weight and sense of the object. The use of the correlation between the quantity can produce a variety of unified results.

  "Sense of space"

  In the painting, according to the principle of geometrical perspective and air perspective, this paper depicts the relationship between objects, such as distance, level, and insertion, so as to convey the deep stereoscopic space feeling in the plane painting.

  "Volume Sense"

  Painting terminology. The visual object displayed on the painting plane can give a stereo feeling of three degree space. In painting, any visible object is determined by the structure of the object itself and consists of a different direction and angle of the block surface. Therefore, it is necessary to grasp the structural characteristics of the paintings and analyze their respectable relations in painting.

  A theoretical term for "perspective" painting. The word "Perspective" was originally in the Latin "Perspcle" (see SEE). The first research perspective is to take a transparent plane to see the scene, the view of the scene accurately depicted in the plane, that is, the perspective of the scene. The science of the space position, contour and projection of the object is called perspective in the plane frame according to certain principle.

  【Shade】

  Painting terminology. In finger, the brightness of objects in light, backlight and reflective parts, and the expression of the changes. Objects in the light under the irradiation of three of the state, called the three major faces, namely: Bright face, the middle face, dark side. Three large surface light color and dark surface. The three sides of light and dark color generally appear as five basic levels, that is five tones: Shan Bright surface has been receiving light part; Shan Gray surface one middle surface, half clear and half dark; Shan the junction of a bright and dark part of a light room; a backlit part of the Shan dark side; Shan reflective one-bedroom face is affected by the surrounding reflection of the dark translucent part. According to the light and shade level to depict the image, has always been the basic method of the Quartet painting. Renaissance Vasari in his "Biography of artists" has discussed: "When painting, draw the outline, the shadow, a rough light and dark, and then in the room and carefully make the performance of the lighting, the same." "European painter Zengeren Brown is a master of the technique of shading.

  【Outline】

  Plastic arts terms. An edge line that defines the range of the object's form. In painting and sculpture, the correctness of the contour is regarded as crucial to the success or failure of the work.

  【Composition】

  Plastic arts terms. Refers to the structure of the artistic image in the work of the method. It is an important means to express the ideological content of the works and to obtain artistic appeal.

  【Color】

  One of the important factors in painting. It is a kind of complex phenomenon that various objects absorb and reflect light in different degree, which acts on human's auditorium. Because of the different texture of objects, and the absorption of various shades of light and reflection of different degrees, so that everything in the world to form ever-changing colors.

  【Hue】

  Color can be presented in the quality of the face. The nature of the different hue is infinitely rich, such as purple, silver, orange and so on.

  【Chroma】

  Refers to the intrinsic lightness of the color itself. such as seven basic hue, purple color is the deepest dark, yellow color is the brightest.

  【Tone】

  Also called tone. In a certain hue and brightness of the light source color, the surface of the object enveloped in a unified color trend and color atmosphere, this unified atmosphere is tonal.

  "Color"

  No attributes of color. Color is basically divided into warm (also called hot color) and cool (also known as cold) two categories. Red, orange, yellow for warm, to warm, warm, the feeling of the outer Zhang, green, green, blue, purple for cool, give a person with cold, quiet, the feeling of contraction.

  【Stroke】

  Refers to the painting process when the brush contact the screen left traces. Although the strokes are a technical factor, they also convey the artistic individuality and self-cultivation of the artist, and thus are also a part of the painter's artistic style.

  Chinese】

  Abbreviation "Chinese painting". The Chinese national painting, which has been formed and developed for a long time on the soil of Chinese nationality, has become a unique system in the field of world art. It is painted with a brush, ink and Chinese painting, on a special paper or silk. According to the theme of performance, can be divided into characters, landscapes, flowers and bamboo, birds, livestock, insects, fish, palaces and other painting materials. According to the performance means and techniques, can be divided into meticulous brushwork, freehand brushwork, Hook, no bone, coloring, ink and other painting. According to the format, can be divided into vertical, horizontal, album, fan and other styles. Chinese painting attaches great importance to pen and ink, the use of lines, ink and light color, through the hook chapped Dianran, wet and dry, to show the objective image of the body structure, yin and Yang dorsally, and the use of the actual density of combination and "stay white" and other methods to obtain clever composition effect. The space processing of Chinese painting is also relatively free and flexible, that is, it can be used "small scenic" method, painting mountains peaks, can also use "horse to see the Mountain" method, painting the Yangtze River Wanli. Chinese paintings do not say "form God" and "vivid spirit", not only advocated "The good fortune", but also "in the heart of the source", Chinese painting in the picture also inscribed poetry, stamped with the seal, will be poetry, calligraphy, seal carving into one.

  【Western】

  Refers to the Western painting which distinguishes Chinese traditional painting system, abbreviation Western. including oil painting, watercolor, gouache, printmaking, pencil painting, pencil painting and many other kinds of painting. The traditional western focus on realism, with perspective and shading methods to display the volume, texture and spatial sense of the object, and requires the performance of a certain source of light under the illumination of the color effects.

  【Painting】

  A painting made on linen, paperboard, or planks with easy oil (linseed oil, poppy oil, walnut oil, etc.) to reconcile pigments. The thinner used in the painting is the foaming turpentine and dry linseed oil. The screen attached to the pigment has a strong hardness, when the screen drying, can maintain a long-term luster. Oil painting is the main painting of Western.

  【Sculpture】

  A kind of "plastic arts". is carved,, plastic three kinds of methods collectively. With a variety of plastic can be carved clay, such as wood, stone and other materials, the production of a variety of real volume image. Sculpture is generally divided into round, relief two kinds. Because of different uses, it is also divided into sculpture, commemorative sculpture, decorative sculpture, architectural sculpture and so on.

  Crafts】

  One of the types of art. It is the combination of practicality and aesthetics, the unification of technology and art, which is to meet the needs of people's material life and satisfy people's spiritual lives. Arts and crafts are divided into two categories: Shan daily crafts. Shan furnishings.

  【Calligraphy】

  Shan a kind of traditional Chinese art. Shan the method of writing Chinese characters. Chinese calligraphy is based on the rules of Chinese characters, and the use of dots to form a variety of forms to express. Have a positive (kai), grass, line, scribe, seal (seal, Xiaozhuan) and other types of calligraphy. The basic factor of the beauty of calligraphy is the point painting, followed by the structure of the point painting. Therefore, the calligraphy pen is very important, is to carry on, the Tibetan dew, the transition, the seriousness, the priority, the Fangyuan and so on the contradictory relations grasps and uses, must pay attention to the Faushi frivolous. On the other, the beauty of calligraphy lies in the vehemence, rhythm, rhythm and the down emotion conveyed by the lines. All kinds of styles pay attention to the structure of anyway arrangements have been made, and stare echoes;

  【Sketch】

  A form of painting that displays images mainly in monochrome lines and block surfaces. The ability of training to observe and express the physical, structural, light and shade, texture, sense and sense of space of the objective object is usually the means to exercise the basic skills of painting. Sketch can also be used as an independent artistic form in the creation. such as the painter Wang's work "The bloody clothes", namely one example.

  【Gouache】

  A picture painted with water blending powder pigments. Gouache color is generally opaque, has a strong coverage capacity, can be deeply detailed description. The use of appropriate, can be both the vigorous painting and watercolor paintings of the bright two artistic effects.

  【Murals】

  A picture painted on a wall or ceiling of a building. It is divided into coarse-bottomed murals, brush-bottom murals and mount murals. Fresco is one of the oldest forms of painting, Egypt, India, Babylon preserved a lot of ancient murals, the Italian Renaissance, mural painting is very prosperous, produced many famous works. Since the Zhou Dynasty, the ancient palace and even the tomb have decorated the mural system; With the flourishing of religious belief, and widely used in temples, grottoes (such as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Ruicheng Yongle Palace, so far a large number of preserved the famous Buddhist murals and Taoist murals relics. )

  Comic】

  One of the types of painting, also known as satire. The term "high speed painting" is derived from the Italian language Caricare, meaning exaggeration, later evolved to refer specifically to the ironic and comical meaning of the picture, that is, Caricature word. Through exaggeration, deformation, supposition, metaphor, symbolism and other methods, with humor, wit, witty artistic effect, satire, criticize (or praise) the real life of people and things.

  【Sketch】

  Chinese painting of traditional terminology. Paintings depicting flowers, wood, birds and beasts are called Sketches. such as the Five Dynasties Huangquan "sketch Rare bird map." In the modern common painting language, usually in the physical, real scene for the object description, collectively referred to as a sketch.

  【Sketch】

  With rapid and accurate observation, the use of concise lines, a brief description of the object's demeanor, form, movement and other characteristics of a descriptive. It is an important painting means to cultivate the painter's keen observation and to grasp the generalization of the object's characteristics quickly, and it is also an important means to record life and accumulate creative material.